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Ecology Presentation

Transcript: The Carbon Games/ Waiting and Watching By Morgan, Hunter, Tessa and Heather Vocabulary Through Section Vocabulary Carbon cycle- biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. Carbon sink- a forest, ocean, or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon source- A carbon sink is growing in size and storing more carbon compared to a carbon source which is shrinking in size and releasing more carbon. The Carbon Games The Carbon Games Part 1 Carbon (CO2 ) , makes up about 0.04% of Earth’s atmosphere, however this percentage has been increasing every year for the past 200 years and causes global warming, as we’ve seen. Carbon is also found in Earth’s crust, where carbon-rich sediments and rocks formed from the remains of ancient marine and terrestrial organisms. Carbon is present in every living thing. After oxygen, carbon is the most abundant element in cells by weight. Both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, acquire carbon mostly through photosynthesis. Aquatic producers absorb dissolved CO2 and convert it into organic molecules using sunlight as a source of energy. Plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and transform it into food with the help of sunlight and water. One way carbon is transferred between abiotic and biotic worlds is through combustion. The Carbon Games The Carbon Games Part 2 Combustion- the burning of carbon-rich materials, living or non- living Some of the organic matter from ancient organisms have been transformed into fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal and natural gas. When we burn fossil fuels, carbon is released into the the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Plants also release carbon dioxide when they are burned. Balch and her team measured the amount of biomass on the forest floor before and after a burn, along with the number of trees affected. Half of the biomass is carbon, so half the difference of the biomass before and after the burn is how much carbon was released into the atmosphere. The first burn released 20 tons of carbon per hectare. Burns also affect trees by absorbing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In a normal year, trees in the Amazon absorb 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide. During the 2005 drought, trees stopped absorbing carbon dioxide and released it into the atmosphere. 5 billions of carbon were released. Ecologists are worried that the Amazon is going to continue to shift into a carbon source instead of a carbon sink, which will decrease our buffer against climate change. https://vimeo.com/5210967 https://vimeo.com/5210967 Waiting and Watching Waiting and Watching Balch and her group stopped burning the plots and started recording the plots on their way to recovery. In addition to making direct observations on which plants grow back and how their growth affects the water and the carbon circles, the group is also conducting an experiment on the burned plots seeing whether it’s possible to prevent the invasion of grasses and make a return to rainforest

Ecology presentation

Transcript: By: Tarbrisha Williams Ecology Presentation The animal that I chose was a Arctic Fox Arctic foxes are native to the Arctic Regions of the Northern Hemisphere Arctic foxes are predators, and some examples of Prey for Adult foxes are: Polar Bears, other wolf packs, humans, birds, and snowy owls, which makes them Carnivores. Since Arctic foxes have to go out and get their food, they are considered to be Consumers. Species ~ Species Subtopic Arctic foxes sometimes survive in packs, just like any other fox species. They mostly hunt together, and sometimes encounter rival packs, which will sometimes result in the packs fighting each other. Arctic Foxes use certain sounds to communicate with each other, and they sometimes bury into the snow for protection. They also sometimes dig holes to store food. (For families) The Father wolf protects the den and also goes out and get food to support the familiy. Competition arises between the cubs, especially when food is Scarce. They will also fight each other to survive before leaving their families. Population Population Arctic foxes aren't the only animals that live in the Arctic regions. There are numerous different populations that live in a Tundra, mostly including the plants and animals. Community Community Arctic Foxes are found in the Arctic Reigons of the Northern Hemisphere, so they are found in the Tundra Biome. Some Biotic factors that are in a Tundra are: Fungi, Mosses, Shurbs, Insects, Fish, Birds, and Mammals. Some Abiotic factors in a Tundra are: Strong winds, rainfall, short summer days, and long, cold winters. Other species that live in the Arctic regions, along with the arctic foxes are: Arctic Hares, polar bears, Caribou, Snowy owls and many more. Biomes Biomes Fun Facts Fun Facts Arctic foxes are covered in thick white fur during the winter and have a greyish brownish fur in the summer Arctic foxes are small animals that can reach 26 inches in length and weigh 6.5 to 17 pounds. Arctic foxes have excellent senses such as hearing and smell, that can help find prey. Arctic foxes can survive for 3-6 years in the wild on their own Are monogamous animals (one couple mate for a lifetime) then they gather in March or April for mating season. Main predators for Arctic foxes (besides humans) are Red Foxes and Polar bears https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/arctic_fox.htm https://www.tutorvista.com/biology/abiotic-factors-of-the-tundra http://www.alaskakids.org/index.cfm/cool%20critters/featured%20critters/medium%20mammals/2613 https://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/tundra-life-in-the-polar-extremes/life-in-the-tundra https://sciencing.com/biotic-abiotic-factors-in-the-tundra-12083312.html http://www.softschools.com/facts/animals/arctic_fox_facts/618/ My Sources Sources

Ecology Presentation

Transcript: By: Clara Chung & Kaitlin Donalds Period: 5 Heterotroph- Requires source of food (consumer) Autotroph- Autophyte (producer) Commensalism- a relationship between two species where one benefits and the other is unaffected. Parasitism- a relationship between a paracite and another host where the paracite benefits but the host is harmed. Mutualism- a relationship between two species in which both benefit from the association. How does energy flow in an ecosystem? Through a food chain!! Predator/Prey & Symbiotic realationships- In a predator/prey realstionship, a predator kills and eats its prey, but in a symbiotic realationship, one organism is either benifited, harmed, or un-effected, or both can benifit. Abiotic- non-living factors in an environment. Biotic- living factors in an environment. Limiting factors are environmental factors that limit population size in a particular ecosytem. In this ecosytem, all of the biotic factors compete with one another. -The trees and plants must compete for sunlight so they are able to gp through photosynthesis and create their food. - The plants living near the water must compete for water in order to survive. - Plants and crayfish must compete for soil nutrients. - Plants and fish/crayfish compete for living space. The polar bear has been affected by climate change. As the sun heats up the ice it begins to melt. Some of them move to land and that causes them to lose their natural, white color. The Peppered Moth is usually light colored. When the air pollution got rather high, the moth's color changed to black. Once air pollution reduced they returned back to their light color. Pesticides have a negative affect as they move up the food chain. As primary consumers get eaten by secondary consumers, the pesticide carrys on to the secondary consumer. Once the top preadator eats the secondary consumer, it gets the pesticide and now the whole food chain is contaminated. Human Activities that have harmed the ocean: THE END :) Primary consumers/ Omnivores Oil Spills Poaching (Whale/Shark hunting) Pollution/Littering Biotic Ecology Project Abiotic Abiotic Biotic 8.11A Biotic Top Predators/ Carnivores producers secondary consumers/ herbivore Abiotic Abiotic 8.11B Biotic 8.11C Abiotic 8.11D

Ecology Presentation

Transcript: The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environments Species Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring Groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area Assembles of different populations that live together in a defined area A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving, or physical, environment A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities The part of the earth and its atmosphere where living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life. Food Webs, Food Pyramids, and Feeding Relationships Interactions in Ecology Mutualism Commensalism relationship in which a member from one species benefits while the member of the other species is not affected. Parasitism relationship in which one organism feeds on another organism. Nitrogen fixation is when bacteria convert Nitrogen into ammonia. Denitrification is when bacteria convert Nitrogen form nitrates Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification occur in the Nitrogen Cycle Energy flows in one direction and the nutrients must circle. Carbon is used as the body chemical "building tissue" in organisms. 500 Milkweed Plants Other types of pyramids http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Water_cycle.png/320px-Water_cycle.png relationship between two species in which both species benifit. clownfishes and sea anemones Pearson-Prentice Hall Biology textbook The Water Cycle Density Independent Factors affect all populations in similar ways regardless of population Density Dependent Factors limit and depend of population density Ice Cream and rocks are examples of abiotic factors, because they are nonliving and abiotic factors are nonliving Example Biome Nitrogen Cycle http://davidjboozer.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Niche-Marketing-Examples.jpg Andrew Bourdon Definition 500 joules Food Chain http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/images/carboncycle_sm.jpg Biosphere Biomass pyramid- indicates the total mass of the organisms in each trophic level Carbon Cycle Carnivore- eat meat Decomposer- organisms that break down dead organic material Detritivore- organisms that feed on dead plants and animals 5000 joules Biomass pyramid Community 50 joules Tori Pfeifer Tertiary Consumers Biotic factors are the living things in an environment. Some examples of biotic factors are... A person is a biotic factor because they are living, and biotic factors live. Grass is also a biotic factor Secondary Consumers Ecology Terms Species Quiz Ecological Organization Christi Gregory Herbivore- eat only plants Different species can live together in the same habitat but they must occupy a different NICHE or else competition would occur. The Niche is the function of an organism in a community. Producers Stephen Clines 80 Caterpillars (cc) image by anemoneprojectors on Flickr ticks and fleas butterflies and flowering plants http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/ecology/images/pyra5.gif http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Bio_Images/22%20Ecology/02%20Ecological%20Organization.jpg http://www.maryannhayes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Monarch-Butterfly.jpg http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/milkweed_op.jpg Food chains are over-lapping food webs Energy pyramid http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/ecology/images/pyra6.gif Nitrogen is used for building amino acids is organisms Bird 2 Cats http://www.glencoe.com/qe/science.php?qi=2493 http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/birds/images/multi_mockingbird.jpg Energy pyramid- indicates the total amount of energy at each trophic level. Each trophic level obtains only 10% of the energy from the level below (10% rule) Autotroph- plants Caterpillar 5 joules Cat Population Nutrient Cycles! Omnivore- eat both plants and animals Milkweed plant http://bioh.wikispaces.com/file/view/36-17-PhosphorusCycle-L.gif/31445793/36-17-PhosphorusCycle-L.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nitrogen_Cycle.svg/320px-Nitrogen_Cycle.svg.png Ecosystem http://www.richard-seaman.com/Arthropods/Usa/Caterpillars/NorthernIllinois/MonarchCaterpillarWithFrass.jpg Abiotic factors are the nonliving things in an environment. Some examples of abiotic factors are... THE END!!! Phosphorus is used for DNA and RNA in organisms Works/pictures Cited ECOLOGY Producer- plants using sunlight to make their own food (can also be called photosynthetic bacteria) 7 Birds Heterotroph- consumers Phosphorus Cycle Primary Consumers Numbers Pyramid

Ecology Presentation

Transcript: Rate of Decomposition By Chace Lo What is decomposition? 1. The quality of dead organic matter as a food source 2. The environment: temperature and moisture Living Organisms that affect decomposition Detritivores -Earthworms -Millipedes -Fungi -Bacteria -Mites Leaf litter bags Rate of decomposition of Coniferous trees vs Deciduous trees Abundance of certain types of carbon compounds. Glucose (most favorable) Cellulose and hemicellulose (moderately favorable) Lignin (least favorable) Deciduous leaves rate of decomposition is greater than Coniferous needles A few flaws in the experiment The types of carbon available affect the rate of decomposition Questions? Major factors of decomposition Problems Encountered and what I could of done better. Deciduous decay faster than Conifers Why? Conclusion Different types deciduous leaves vs One type of coniferous needle Percent of original mass remaining=e^-kt Results Larger K value Experiment Break down of organic material into simple forms Leading to the release of energy via respiration Important for a healthy soil ecosystem Rate of decay may have stopped when climate or weather changed (warm to cold) Similar environment

ecology presentation

Transcript: By: Kylee, Haden & Sydnee The Grasslands Producers can make their own energy through biochemical processes purple needle grass Wild Oats Foxtail Rye Grass Buffalo Grass Primary Consumers Herbivores feeding on plants Grasshoppers Prairie Dogs Ungulates Secondary Consumers Carnivores who prey on other animals Ring Tail Pine Martin Western Whiptail Tertiary Consumers The topmost level in a food chain that feeds on other carnivores. Coyote Bobcat Decomposers organisms like a bacteria, fungus or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material Termites Fungi Food Web Rye Grass Wild Oats Foxtail Purple Needle Grass Buffalo Grass Praire Dogs Ungulates Grasshoppers Ring Tail Pine Martin Western Whiptail Bobcat Coyote Fungi Termites

Ecology Presentation

Transcript: Overall Solutions 1. Bhowmik, N.G. & Adams, J. R. (1989). Successional changes in habitat caused by sedimentation in navigation pools. Hydrobiologica, vol. 176 (issue 177), p. 17-27. 2. Julien, P. Y. & Vensel, C. W. (2005). Review of Sedimentation Issues on the Mississippi River. UNESCO, p. 16-20. 3. Smith, T. M. & Smith, R. L. (2012). Elements of Ecology. Pearson Education: Boston. p. 515-527. 3. Sparks, R. E. (2010). Forty years of science and management on the Upper Mississippi River: an analysis of the past and a view of the future. Hydrobiologia, p. 1-13. Websites http://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/713244-round-river-galaxy-book-372 Interdisciplinary Hydrology [3] Succession [4] Disturbance Positive feedback loop Habitat management & restoration 2012 Water Resources Development Act >>Navigation and Ecosystem Sustainability Program (NESP) [4] Pulse Disturbance Mississippi River Research Consortium Long Term Monitoring Program Universities Water Resources Development Act >>Environmental Management Program for the Upper Miss. River System (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) >>Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (U.S. Geological Survey) >>Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Program [4] Types of Disturbance photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli Press Disturbance 1986 Successional Trends of the Upper Mississippi River as a Result of Human Activity *36% of all migrating ducks in the U.S. *129 native species of freshwater fish [4] 1907 ________________________ Alterations in flow & discharge Contaminants [4] Eutrophication (nutrients) Sedimentation [1, 2] Vegetative changes [1, 2, 4] Reptiles & amphibians Food webs Sparks, R. E. (2010) Research! Assessing current floodplains and levee districts Legislation/Law Enforcement Funding Collaboration Mother Nature Current Research 2007 1855 References Economic *Alterations in flow & discharge *Eutrophication [1, 2] *Navigational waterway [4] Locks & dams Agriculture Drainage First dam History "We shall never achieve harmony with the land, anymore than we shall achieve absolute justice or liberty for people. In these higher aspirations the important thing is not to achieve but to strive.” -Aldo Leopold, Round River: From the Journals of Aldo Leopold Significance Upper Mississippi River Ecological First bridge Succession *Contaminants *Droughts & floods [4] Ecological Concepts presented by Jamela Thompson

ecology presentation

Transcript: sulfur cycle Sulfur Cycle sedimetary: The sulfur cycle is the collection of processes by which sulfur moves to and from minerals (including the waterways) and living systems. Such biogeochemical cycles are important in geology because they affect many minerals. Biogeochemical cycles are also important for life because sulfur is an essential element, being a constituent of many proteins and cofactors.

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